There were Almost 2000 independent Greek City-States (Polies) from 12'th century to 146 BC The era of the emergence and development of the Greek city-states was a section of a history that we know as the ancient Greek era. In the ancient Greek era began From the 12th century BC and continued until the 600 AD. during this period of time there were 1500 to 2000 Greek City-state or poleis. the area of Greek settlements and the space of their city-states, or polis, included the territory of continental Greece itself, Crete and the surrounding Aegean Sea, as well as western Anatolia. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis. Great colonization began in the 8th century. Mostly, population of each city-state was 10,000 to 20,000 people. Athens had more, than 200,000 people. New settlements were Founded by independent Greek states and were called colonies, they covered both the European and North African parts of the the Mediterranean and also the black sea shores. Initially these colonies were not independent and obeyed the laws of the founding Greek city-state, so the inhabitants of the colony called the founding polis - the capital. But over time, the colonies have been grown so much in terms of population and economic or military might, that they could already become an independent state, or polis. One factor that could hinder the colony to become City-State - it was the strength of the state of the people on whose territory colonies were built. For example, the Greek colonies on the territory of Egypt and on the territory of Colchis could not become independent states and were subject to the Egyptian State on the one hand and the Colchian state on the other. Despite the fact that In 146 BC Greece was conquered by Rome, some Greek City-states continued to exist until the end of the classical period (600 AD). The name of the Greek colonies (and not the city-states or the Polies) on the territory of Colchis were: Phassis (present-day Poti), Gienos (present-day Ochamchire), Dioskuria (present-day Sokhumi), Pitiunt (Bichvinta), and another colony on the territory of Kobuleti-Pichvnari territory. Archaeological material shows us, that in Kobuleti, there was a Greek colony, but we do not know the name of this city. These colonies were founded by the Milletian Greeks, but the Colchians had long lived in these areas, so there was a mixed population in this cities, which is clearly indicated by archaeological material, and these Greeks were soon integrated into the Colchian community instead of being converted into polies. There were more than 1,000 independent city-states on the territory of Greece itself. but the main poleis were Athína (Athens), Spárti (Sparta), Kórinthos (Corinth), Thíva (Thebes), Siracusa (Syracuse), Égina (Aegina), Ródos (Rhodes), Árgos, Erétria, and Elis. Each city-state ruled itself. They differed greatly from the each other in governing philosophies and interests. For example, Sparta was ruled by two kings and a council of elders. It emphasized maintaining a strong military, while Athens valued education and art. In Athens every male citizen had the right to vote, so they were ruled by a democracy. Rather than have a strong army, Athens maintained their navy. Each city-state differed greatly and existed independently of each other. Each had a governing and legislative body, adopted their own policy legislation, and performed their own judicial and other functions. They also differed from each other in the philosophy and interests of the government. For example, Sparta was ruled by an elite of two kings and a consulate of elders. Sparta was focused on building a stronger army. At that time Athens was almost entirely focused on education, art, philosophy, commerce ... every male citizen in Athens had the right to vote. Athens was thus governed by democracy. Demos Cratos means the rule of the people. Instead of strengthening the army, Athens developed sailing and shipbuilding. One of the reasons for the great abundance of independent Greek city-states can be attributed to the geographical features of the Mediterranean, as there are many islands and continental shores that are mountainous and are separated by territorial units. This allowed freedom-loving Greeks to strengthen their self-government, and although less than 20,000 people often lived in each polis (City-State). A city-state, or polis, was the community structure of ancient Greece. Each city-state was organized with an urban center and the surrounding countryside. Characteristics of the city in a polis were outer walls for protection, as well as a public space that included temples and government buildings. The temples and government buildings were often built on the top of a hill, or acropolis. The majority of a polis’s population lived in the city, as it was the center of trade, commerce, culture, and political activity.