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ჟან შარდენი საქართველოს და ქართველების შესახებ
ჟან შარდენი საქართველოს და ქართველების შესახებ


"მეგრელები ძალიან კარგი ჯიშია ხალხია. კაცები კარგი აღნაგობისანი არიან, ქალები კი მეტისმეტად ლამაზები. მაღალი წრის ქალებს რაღაც თავისებური ნაკვთები და სინაზე აქვთ, რაც გხიბლავს. მე შემხვედრია მათ შორის მშვენიერი აღნაგობის ქალები, დიდებული იერით, საუცხოო სახითა და ტანით. გარდა ამისა, მათ აქვთ ისეთი მიმზიდველი და ალექრსიანი გამოხედვა, რომ მაყურებლისგან თითქოს ტრფიალს ითხოვენ. შედარებით ნაკლებად ლამაზები და ხანდაზმულები გადაჭარბებით ხმარობენ ფერუმარულს, იღებავენ მთელ სახეს, წარბებს, ლოყებს, შუბლს, ცხვირს და ნიკაპს. ზოგიერთი მარტო წარბების შეღებვით კმაყოფილდება. ირთვებიან, რამდენადაც კი შეუძლიათ. მათი ტანსაცმელი სპარსელი ქალების ტანსაცმელს ჩამოჰგავს, თმის დავარცხნა და დახვევა კი ევროპელი ქალების მსგავსად იციან. ატარებენ ხილაბანს, რომელიც მხოლოდ თავის ზევითა და უკანა ნაწილს ფარავს. არიან ჭეშმარიტად გამჭრიახნი და გულთბილნი. მაგრამ ამავე დროს არიან ამაყნი, ქედმაღალნი, ბოროტნი, დაუნდობელნი, ულმობელნი და უტიფარნი. სიმართლე რომ ითქვას, მეშინია, ვაი თუ არ დაიჯეროს მკითხველმა და ჩემ მიერ ნაამბობი გადაჭარბებულად ჩათვალონ. ვაცხადებ, რომ ეს სრული სიმართლეა."


მეგრელი ქალი


"მეგრელების იარაღია: შუბი, მშვილდ-ისარი, მოუხრელი სწორი ხმალი, კომბალი, ფარი, ცეცხლსასროლ იარაღს ცოტანი თუ ხმარობენ. ისინი შესანიშნავი მებრძოლები და მხედრები არიან. ძალიან დახელოვნებული არიან შუბის ხმარებაში. მშვილდ-ისრის სროლას 4 წლიდან ასწავლიან ბავშვებს, რომლებიც ისე კარგად ეუფლებიან მას, რომ გაფრენილ პატარა ჩიტსაც კი ახვედრებენ ისარს."



მეგრელები


"მეგრელები და მათი მეზობლები ღვინოს ბევრს სვამენ. ისინი ღვინის სმაში აჭარბებენ გერმანელებს და ყველა ჩრდილოელს. ღვინოში წყალს არასდროს ურევენ. კაცი და ქალი სუფთა ღვინოს სვამენ. შეზარხოშებულებს ნახევარლიტრიანი თასებიც კი ეპატარავებათ და პირდაპირ ლანგრიდან და დოქებიდან სვამენ.


ქართველი ქალი


"ქართველების მოდგმა უმშვენიერესია მთელს აღმოსავლეთში და შემიძლია ვთქვა მთელს მსოფლიოშიც. აქ არ მინახავს არცერთი მახინჯი სახის ქალი ან კაცი. ქართველთა უდიდესი უმრავლესობა იმდენად მშვენიერია, რომ მსოფლიოსი სადმე ძალიან იშვიათად თუ იპოვი. ქალების უმეტესი ნაწილი ბუნებას იმდენად სიკეკლუცით დაუჯილდოებია, რომ სხვა ასეთს ვერსად შეხვდებით. შეუძლებელია თვალი მოჰკრათ აქაურ ქალს და არ შეგიყვარდეთ. არ შეიძლება დახატოთ ქართველი ქალების სახესა და ტანზე უფრო მშვენიერი სახე და ტანი. მშვენიერნი, თვალტანადნი, წერწეტნი და კეკლუცნი. იშვიათად ნახავტ, რომ ქალი უშნოდ იყოს ჩასუქებული. მხოლოდ ის აუშნოებს ქართველ ქალებს, რომ ფერ-უმარულს იცხებენ. უმშვენიერესნი სხვებზე უფრო მეტადაც კი იცხებენ ფერ-უმარულს.


1671 წ.





ავტორი: თორნიკე ფხალაძე


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ავტორი:თორ ნიკე
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2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:08
Jean Chardin about Georgia

The history of Tbilisi as a capital city of Georgia dates back to the 5th century. Tbilisi was an important cultural, political and economic center of the Caucasus and always was the main destination for the travelers through Asia.

One of the travelers was Jean Chardin, a French diplomat and a traveler, who in the ninth volume of his ten-volume book “The Travels Of Sir John Chardin’ described his travels throughout Georgia in 1672-1673.

‘The Georgians are polite, kind-hearted and restrained. Everyone in Georgia has a right to live under the religion and habits. People can talk about their religion and defend their opinions. There are several attractive city council buildings in Tbilisi. Markets, trade places, caravanserai – the places of foreigners’ residence, are built with stone and are well maintained.’ Then he added: ‘The Georgians are civil and courteous, and more than that, they are serious and moderate. Their manners and customs are a mixture of various customs of the peoples that reside round about them. This is the result, I believe, of their commerce and dealings with variety of people, and the liberty allowed in Georgia to observe their own religion and customs, and to defend them in their discourse. You shall meet here in this country with Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Turks, Persians, Indians, Tartars, Muscovites and Europeans. The Armenians are so numerous that they exceed the Georgians.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:08
They are also wealthier and for the most part supply all the small offices and mean employments. But the Georgians are far stronger, naughtier, more vain and more pompous. The difference between their spirits, manners and beliefs has caused a very great enmity between them. They mutually hate one another, and never marry into one another families. The Georgians are particularly disdainful towards the Armenians who are looked upon much about the same way as the Jews are in Europe.’ About Tbilisi he writes that Tbilisi is one of the most beautiful cities, but not very big.

Jean Chardin was invited at the Royal dinner by Vakhtang V (Shah Nawaz), the king of Kartli. He writes: ‘When the king learnt who I was, he said I was a precious guest for him and asked me to see him as soon as possible. The king wanted to hear European stories from me. I couldn’t go immediately as I wanted to prepare for the meeting. It was midday when we went to the palace. The king was waiting for us for dinner. What I noticed was that the guests greeted the king like Shah. I gave the king my gifts: a clock with silver ornaments, crystal mirror with silver frame, small golden box and beautiful knives. I won’t speak much about the feast. I can only say that much wine was drunk and much food was eaten. Some food was fasting as patriarch and bishops also were invited at the feast. The dinner lasted for 3 hours and then we decided to leave.’
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:08
The complexion of the Georgians is the most beautiful in all the East; and I can safely say, that I never saw an uncomely countenance in all that country, either of male or female sex; yet I have seen many that have had Angelic faces, nature having bestowed upon the women of that country graces and features that can hardly be found elsewhere. So that it is impossible to behold them without falling in love....

The Georgians are innately very capable. They could be great savants [learned men] and masters if only they increase their knowledge of arts and sciences: but their education is so mean and paltry, that having nothing but bad examples before their eyes, they are altogether drowned in vice and ignorance. [Thus] they are generally cheats [fourbes] and rogues [fripons], perfidious, treacherous, ungrateful and proud [superbes]. They are impudent beyond imagination as to deny their own words and their very deeds; to put forth and maintain falsehoods; to demand more than is their due; to counterfeit deeds and forge lies. They are irreconcilable in their enmities, and never forgive. True it is, they are not easily provoked, nor do they readily admit those hatreds which they preserve inviolably when once conceived.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:08
And besides these vices of the spirit, no men are more addicted to their sensual pleasures, that is to say, to drunkenness and luxury. They plunge themselves into these filthy divertissements with so much more freedom because they are so common and not looked upon as scandalous in Georgia. The clergymen are as drunk as others, and keep beautiful female slaves [belles esclaves] as concubines, at which no body is offended, as being no more than what is generally practiced, and as it were authorized by custom. Furthermore the Superiour of the Capuchins assured me that he had heard the Catholicos or Patriarch of Georgia say that he who was not absolutely drunk could not be a good Christian, and deserved to be excommunicated. Besides this, the Georgians are likewise very great usurers: they never lend any Money without a pawn, and the lowest interest which they take is two in the hundred for a month. Neither are the women less vicious and wicked than the men. They have an extraordinary weakness [foible] for males, and certainly contribute more than they, to that torrent of uncleanness which overflows all the country.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:08
On the other side, the Georgians are civil and courteous, and more than that, they are serious [graves] and moderate. Their manners and customs are a mixture of various customs of the peoples that reside round about them. This is the result, I believe, of their commerce and dealings with variety of people, and the liberty allowed in Georgia to observe their own religion and customs, and to defend them in their discourse. You shall meet here in this country with Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Turks, Persians, Indians, Tartars, Muscovites and Europeans. The Armenians are so numerous that they exceed the Georgians. They are also more wealthy, and for the most part supply all the small offices and mean employments. But the Georgians are far stronger, more haughty, more vain, and more pompous. The difference between their spirits, manners and beliefs has caused a very great enmity between them. They mutually hate one another, and never marry into one anothers families. The Georgians are particularly disdainful towards the Armenians who are looked upon much about the same way as the Jews are in Europe.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:07
The noblemen of the country have full power over the lives and estates of their tenants, with whom they do what they please. They seize upon them, whether wife or children; they sell them, or dispose of them otherwise as they think fit. Every man furnishes his Lord with so much corn, cattle, wine, and other provisions, as he is able. So that their [noblemen's] wealth consists in the number of their vassals. Besides, every one is obliged to entertain his Lord two or three days in a year at their own expenses, which is the reason that the nobility, so long as the year lasts, go from one place to another devouring their tenants, and sometimes the tenants of other men.

The Prince himself leads the same life, so that it is a hard matter every day to know where to find him. When the vassals of several lords are at difference, their masters decide the dispute: but when the lords are at variance among themselves, force and brute strength determine the quarrel, and the strongest side gets the better. There is not a gentleman in Mingrelia but has some quarrel or other. And therefore it is, that they always go armed, and as numerously attended as they can. When they ride, they are armed at all points, and their followers are as well; nor do they ever sleep without their swords by their sides; and when they go to Bed, they sleep upon their stomachs, with their swords underneath them.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:07
Their Arms are a lance, bow and arrows, a straight sword, a mace and a buckler; but there are very few that carry firearms. They are very good soldiers, ride horses very well, and handle their lances with an extraordinary dexterity. They train children in the use of a bow starting at the age of four and they become so adroit that can shoot even the most smallest birds in flight.

Their Habit is peculiar; and unless they be the Ecclesiastical Persons, they wear but very little beard. They shave the top of their heads in a circle but allow the rest of their hair to grow down to their eyes, and then clip it round at an even length. They cover their Heads with a light cap of felt, very thin pared and cut into several half-moons around edges. In the winter they wear a fur bonnet: They are moreover so beggarly [gueux] and so wretched [miserables], that for fear of spoiling their caps or their bonnets in the rain, they will put them in their pouches, and go bare-headed. Over their bodies they wear little shirts [chemises] that fall down to their knees, and tuck into a straight pantaloon. Nor indeed is there any habit in the world more deformed then theirs. They carry a [long] rope at their girdles, to tie together such people or cattle which they rob from their neighbors or take in war. The nobles wear leather girdles four fingers broad, full of silver studs, at which they hang a knife, a whetstone, and a steel to strike fire: together with three leather purses, the one full of salt, the other of pepper, and the other with pack-needles, lesser-needles, and thread.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:07
The poor people go almost naked; such is their misery not to be paralleled anywhere else; not having any thing to cover their nakedness but a pitiful felt resembling the chlamys of the Ancients; into which they thrust their heads, and turn which way they please as the Wind sits; for it covers but one side of their bodies, and falls down no lower than their Knees. There are some, that are pared very thin to keep out the Water, which are not so heavy as the common sort; that are ready to weigh a man down, especially when thorough wet. He that has a shirt and a pair of pitiful drawers, thinks himself rich; for almost all of them go bare-Foot; and such of the Colchians as pretend to shoes, have nothing but a piece of a buffalo's hide, and that untanned too; this piece of raw hide is attached to their feet with a thong of the same: so that for all these sort of sandals, their feet are as dirty as if they went bare-foot.

Almost all the Mingrelians, both men and women, even the most noble and wealthy, rarely have but one shirt [chemise] and one pair of breeches [calleçon] at a time; which last them at least a year: in all which time they never wash them more than three times: only once or twice a week they shake them over the fire for the vermin to drop off, with which they are mightily haunted; and indeed, I cannot say I ever saw anything so nasty and loathsome, which is the reason that the Mingrelian ladies do not smell well. I always taken with their beauty but could not endure a moment longer in their company because of rank odor from their skins stifled all my amorous thoughts.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:07
The Grandees eat, sitting upon carpets, after the manner of the Eastern people. Their napkin is only a piece of painted cloth, or leather, and sometimes they only wipe upon the boards. The common people sit upon a bench [banc], with another bench before them of the same height, which serves for a table. All their dishes are made of wood, as are all their drinking cups: only among the people of quality [nobility] you shall see a little silver plate.

Moreover it is the custom in this savage country [pais sauvage] that the whole family, without distinction for males and females, eat all together. The king [eats] with his entire suite down to his very grooms. The Queen [shares her meal] with her [waiting] ladies, maids, servants and all, down the very lackeys that attend her. When it does not rain, they dine in the open courts, where they rank themselves, either in a circle, or side by side, one below another, according to their quality [status]. If it be cold weather they make great bonfires in the court where they eat; for wood-firing costs nothing in that country, as I have said already. When they sit down, four men, if the family be great, bring upon their shoulders a large kettle full of gom, or boiled grain as I have already described; of which, most usually a half-naked wretch [un gueux, a demi nud] serves, upon a wooden plate, to every one his proportion, which weighs full three pounds. Afterwards two other servants, somewhat but not much better equipped, bring in another kettle full of grain more white than the other; which is only for the better sort.
2021, 24 თებერვალი, 7:06
Upon work-days they never give but only gom to the servants, the masters being served with vegetables, or roasted fish or meat. On holidays, or when they make entertainments, they kill either a hog, or an ox, or a cow, especially if they have no venison. As soon as they have cut the throat of the beast, they dress it, and set it upon the fire, without salt, or sauce, in the great kettle where they boil it. When it has boiled a while, they take it from the fire, pour away the broth, and serve meat half-raw without any seasoning. The Master of the House has always standing before him a large portion of this food: they set before him likewise all the vegetables, all the bread, and all the poultry and wildfowl. He presently carves for his guests and his friends their share. They feed themselves with their fingers, and that so nastily that nothing but extremity of hunger could provoke the meanest of our Europeans to eat at the tables of these barbarians.
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